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Ethnology of Iraq
Republic of Iraq, al Jumhouriya al'Iraqia. National or official languages: Standard Arabic, Kurdi. 21,800,000 (1998 UN). Literacy rate 60% to 70%. Also includes Egyptian Spoken Arabic 450,000, Mandaic, Syriac, Turkish 3,000, Turkmen 227,000, Turoyo 3,000. Information mainly from A.M. Maclean 1893; T. Sebeok 1963; T.M. Johnstone 1967; H. Kloss and G. McConnell 1974; O. Jastrow 1978; W. Fischer and O. Jastrow 1980; B. Ingham 1982; R.D. Hobermann 1988a, b; M. Izadi 1993. Shi'a Muslim, Sunni Muslim, Yezidi, Christian. Blind population 75,000 (1982 WCE). Deaf population 1,205,930. Deaf institutions: 5. Data accuracy estimate: C. The number of languages listed for Iraq is 23. Of those, all are living languages. Diversity index 0.65.
Spoken living languages
ADYGHE [ADY] 19,000 in Iraq (1993). Alternate names: WEST CIRCASSIAN, ADYGEY. Classification: North Caucasian, Northwest, Circassian.
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ARABIC, GULF SPOKEN [AFB] 40,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries 2,440,000 (1995). Alternate names: KHALIJI, GULF ARABIC. Dialects: ZUBAIR-FAAU ARABIC. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
ARABIC, JUDEO-IRAQI [YHD] 100 to 150 in Iraq (1992 H. Mutzafi). Most in Israel. Alternate names: IRAQI JUDEO-ARABIC, JEWISH IRAQI-BAGHDADI ARABIC, ARABI, YAHUDIC. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
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ARABIC, MESOPOTAMIAN SPOKEN [ACM] 11,500,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries 13,900,000. Alternate names: MESOPOTAMIAN QELTU ARABIC, MESOPOTAMIAN GELET ARABIC, BAGHDADI ARABIC, IRAQI ARABIC, FURATI. Dialects: ANATOLIAN CLUSTER, TIGRIS CLUSTER, EUPHRATES CLUSTER. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
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ARABIC, NAJDI SPOKEN [ARS] 900,000 in Iraq. Central Najdi is spoken by bedouin in the western desert, North Najdi by bedouin in the south between the rivers up to the Syrian border. Dialects: NORTH NAJDI (SHAMMAR), CENTRAL NAJDI. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
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ARABIC, NORTH MESOPOTAMIAN SPOKEN [AYP] 5,400,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries 6,300,000 (1992). Alternate names: SYRO-MESOPOTAMIAN VERNACULAR ARABIC, MOSLAWI, MESOPOTAMIAN QELTU ARABIC. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
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ARABIC, STANDARD [ABV] Middle East, North Africa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
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ARMENIAN [ARM] 60,000 in Iraq. Dialects: WESTERN ARMENIAN. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian.
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ASSYRIAN NEO-ARAMAIC [AII] 30,000 in Iraq (1994) out of up to a reported 2,000,000 ethnic population. Population total all countries 210,000 or more speakers. 4,250,000 reported ethnic population. Alternate names: LISHANA ATURAYA, SURET, SURETH, SURYAYA SWADAYA, ASSYRIAN, NEO-SYRIAC, ASSYRISKI, AISORSKI, ASSYRIANCI. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
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AZERBAIJANI, SOUTH [AZB] 300,000 to 900,000 or more in Iraq (1982 estimate). Kirkuk city, Arbil, Rowanduz, towns and villages southeast from Kirkuk as far as Al Miqdadiyah, Khanaqin, and Mandali; also several places in the Mosul region. Dialects: KIRKUK. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani.
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BAJELAN [BJM] 20,000 (1976 Sara). Alternate names: BAJALANI, GURANI, SHABAK, CHICHAMACHU. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani.
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BEHDINI [BDF] Also spoken in Germany. Alternate names: BAHDINI, BANDINANI, KURDISH BANDINANI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
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CHALDEAN NEO-ARAMAIC [CLD] 100,000 to 120,000 in Iraq (1994). Population total all countries 200,000 (1994 H. Mutzafi). Alternate names: CHALDEAN, KILDANI, KALDAYA, NEO-CHALDEAN, MODERN CHALDEAN, SURETH, LISHANA KALDAYA, FELLIHI, FALLANI. Dialects: MANGESH, ALQOSH, TEL KEPE, TISQOPA, BARTILLE, SHIRNAK-CHIZRE (BOHTAN), ARADHIN, DIHOK. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
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DOMARI [RMT] 50,000 in Iraq (1970). Alternate names: MIDDLE EASTERN ROMANI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Dom.
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FARSI, WESTERN [PES] 227,000 in Iraq (1993), 1.2% of the population (1989). Alternate names: PERSIAN. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
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HAWRAMI [HAC] Also spoken in Iran. Alternate names: HAWRAMANI, GURANI, GORANI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani.
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HERKI [HEK] Also spoken in Iran, Turkey (Asia). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
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KOY SANJAQ SURAT [KQD] 800 to 1,000 (1995 H. Mutzafi). Northern Iraq, town of Koi-Sanjaq and nearby village of Armota. Alternate names: KOI SANJAQ SOORIT, KOY SANJAQ SOORET. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
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KURDI [KDB] 2,785,500 in Iraq, 18% of population including all Kurdish in Iraq, most of whom speak Kurdi (1986). Population total all countries 6,036,000. All Kurd speakers in all countries: 11,000,000 (1999 WA). Alternate names: KURDY, SOUTHERN KURDISH, SORANI, SURANI. Dialects: ARBILI, KHUSHNAW, PIZHDAR, MUKRI, GARRUSI (BIJBRI), ARDAIÂNI (SANANDAJI), SULAYMÂNI (SULEIMANIYE), WARMÂWA, GARMIYÂNI, KOLYÂ'I, ZANGANA, KIRMÂNSHÂHI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
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KURMANJI [KUR] Alternate names: NORTHERN KURDISH, KERMANJI, KIRMANJI. Dialects: HAKARI, JEZIRE (BOTAN). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
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LURI [LRI] Alternate names: LUR, LORI. Dialects: LURI, FEYLI, LEKI, BAKHTIARI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Luri.
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SHIKAKI [SHF] Also spoken in Iran, Turkey (Asia). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
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SURCHI [SUP] Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
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Spoken living languages
ADYGHE [ADY] 19,000 in Iraq (1993). Alternate names: WEST CIRCASSIAN, ADYGEY. Classification: North Caucasian, Northwest, Circassian.
More information.
ARABIC, GULF SPOKEN [AFB] 40,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries 2,440,000 (1995). Alternate names: KHALIJI, GULF ARABIC. Dialects: ZUBAIR-FAAU ARABIC. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
ARABIC, JUDEO-IRAQI [YHD] 100 to 150 in Iraq (1992 H. Mutzafi). Most in Israel. Alternate names: IRAQI JUDEO-ARABIC, JEWISH IRAQI-BAGHDADI ARABIC, ARABI, YAHUDIC. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
More information.
ARABIC, MESOPOTAMIAN SPOKEN [ACM] 11,500,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries 13,900,000. Alternate names: MESOPOTAMIAN QELTU ARABIC, MESOPOTAMIAN GELET ARABIC, BAGHDADI ARABIC, IRAQI ARABIC, FURATI. Dialects: ANATOLIAN CLUSTER, TIGRIS CLUSTER, EUPHRATES CLUSTER. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
More information.
ARABIC, NAJDI SPOKEN [ARS] 900,000 in Iraq. Central Najdi is spoken by bedouin in the western desert, North Najdi by bedouin in the south between the rivers up to the Syrian border. Dialects: NORTH NAJDI (SHAMMAR), CENTRAL NAJDI. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
More information.
ARABIC, NORTH MESOPOTAMIAN SPOKEN [AYP] 5,400,000 in Iraq. Population total all countries 6,300,000 (1992). Alternate names: SYRO-MESOPOTAMIAN VERNACULAR ARABIC, MOSLAWI, MESOPOTAMIAN QELTU ARABIC. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
More information.
ARABIC, STANDARD [ABV] Middle East, North Africa. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South, Arabic.
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ARMENIAN [ARM] 60,000 in Iraq. Dialects: WESTERN ARMENIAN. Classification: Indo-European, Armenian.
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ASSYRIAN NEO-ARAMAIC [AII] 30,000 in Iraq (1994) out of up to a reported 2,000,000 ethnic population. Population total all countries 210,000 or more speakers. 4,250,000 reported ethnic population. Alternate names: LISHANA ATURAYA, SURET, SURETH, SURYAYA SWADAYA, ASSYRIAN, NEO-SYRIAC, ASSYRISKI, AISORSKI, ASSYRIANCI. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
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AZERBAIJANI, SOUTH [AZB] 300,000 to 900,000 or more in Iraq (1982 estimate). Kirkuk city, Arbil, Rowanduz, towns and villages southeast from Kirkuk as far as Al Miqdadiyah, Khanaqin, and Mandali; also several places in the Mosul region. Dialects: KIRKUK. Classification: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Azerbaijani.
More information.
BAJELAN [BJM] 20,000 (1976 Sara). Alternate names: BAJALANI, GURANI, SHABAK, CHICHAMACHU. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani.
More information.
BEHDINI [BDF] Also spoken in Germany. Alternate names: BAHDINI, BANDINANI, KURDISH BANDINANI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
More information.
CHALDEAN NEO-ARAMAIC [CLD] 100,000 to 120,000 in Iraq (1994). Population total all countries 200,000 (1994 H. Mutzafi). Alternate names: CHALDEAN, KILDANI, KALDAYA, NEO-CHALDEAN, MODERN CHALDEAN, SURETH, LISHANA KALDAYA, FELLIHI, FALLANI. Dialects: MANGESH, ALQOSH, TEL KEPE, TISQOPA, BARTILLE, SHIRNAK-CHIZRE (BOHTAN), ARADHIN, DIHOK. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
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DOMARI [RMT] 50,000 in Iraq (1970). Alternate names: MIDDLE EASTERN ROMANI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Central zone, Dom.
More information.
FARSI, WESTERN [PES] 227,000 in Iraq (1993), 1.2% of the population (1989). Alternate names: PERSIAN. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Persian.
More information.
HAWRAMI [HAC] Also spoken in Iran. Alternate names: HAWRAMANI, GURANI, GORANI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani.
More information.
HERKI [HEK] Also spoken in Iran, Turkey (Asia). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
More information.
KOY SANJAQ SURAT [KQD] 800 to 1,000 (1995 H. Mutzafi). Northern Iraq, town of Koi-Sanjaq and nearby village of Armota. Alternate names: KOI SANJAQ SOORIT, KOY SANJAQ SOORET. Classification: Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern.
More information.
KURDI [KDB] 2,785,500 in Iraq, 18% of population including all Kurdish in Iraq, most of whom speak Kurdi (1986). Population total all countries 6,036,000. All Kurd speakers in all countries: 11,000,000 (1999 WA). Alternate names: KURDY, SOUTHERN KURDISH, SORANI, SURANI. Dialects: ARBILI, KHUSHNAW, PIZHDAR, MUKRI, GARRUSI (BIJBRI), ARDAIÂNI (SANANDAJI), SULAYMÂNI (SULEIMANIYE), WARMÂWA, GARMIYÂNI, KOLYÂ'I, ZANGANA, KIRMÂNSHÂHI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
More information.
KURMANJI [KUR] Alternate names: NORTHERN KURDISH, KERMANJI, KIRMANJI. Dialects: HAKARI, JEZIRE (BOTAN). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
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LURI [LRI] Alternate names: LUR, LORI. Dialects: LURI, FEYLI, LEKI, BAKHTIARI. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Southwestern, Luri.
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SHIKAKI [SHF] Also spoken in Iran, Turkey (Asia). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
More information.
SURCHI [SUP] Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish.
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posted by تـــمّـــوز الـبابـلـي, ٣/١١/٢٠٠٤
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Anti War - Anti Racism
Let the downFall of Sharon be end to Zionism
By the Late, great political cartoonist Mahmoud Kahil
